Research

1) Adults diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were treated with EEG Biofeedback and cognitive training. Psychological and neuropsychological tests were completed at pre-treatment and post-treatment and compared to a normal control group that did not receive training, but was tested on two occasions. The results showed significant improvement on full scale attention and full scale response control score on the IVA Continuous Performance Test. in the mTBI and ADHD groups compared to the control group. Errors on a problem solving task decreased only in the mTBI group.

Ref: Tinius, T., & Tinius, K.A. "Changes After EEG Biofeedback and Cognitive Retraining in Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Neurotherapy. 2000-2001; 4(2) 27.

 2) 102 children with ADHD aged 8 to 12 years, participated in the study.  Children were randomly assigned to receive either 36 sessions of neurofeedback training or a computerized attention skills training  program within two blocks of four weeks each.  The neurofeedback training consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of slow cortical potential (SCP) training.  Pre-training, intermediate and post-training assessments were done using several rating scales.  Improvements in the neurofeedback treatment group (based on parent and teacher ratings) were superior to those in the attention training control group with an effect size of .60. 

Ref: Gevensleben, H., Holl, B., Vogel, C., et. "Is neurofeedback an efficacious treatment for ADHD? A randomised controlled clinical trial." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 12 Jan 2009.

3) Lubar, J. F., & Shouse, M. N. (1976). EEG and behavioral changes in a hyperactive child concurrent with training of the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR): A preliminary report. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 1(3), 293-306.

4) Lubar, J. F., Swartwood, M. O., Swartwood, J. N., & O'Donnell, P. H. (1995). Evaluation of the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training for ADHD in a clinical setting as measured by changes in T.O.V.A., scores, behavioral ratings, and WISC-R performance. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(1), 83-99.


5) Rossiter, T. R., & La Vaque, T. J. (1995). A comparison of EEG biofeedback and psychostimulants in treating attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1, 48-59.


6) Linden, M., Habib, T., & Radojevic, V. (1996). A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(1), 35-49.


7) Thompson, L., & Thompson, M. (1998). Neurofeedback combined with training in metacognitive strategies: Effectiveness in students with ADD. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 23(4), 243-263.


8) Monastra, V. J., Monastra, D. M., & George, S. (2002). The effects of stimulant therapy, EEG biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 27(4), 231-249.


9) Fuchs, T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, J. H., & Kaiser, J. (2003). Neurofeedback treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparison with methylphenidate. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 28, 1-12.


10) White, J.N., Hutchens, T.A., Lubar, J.F., (2005) Quantitative EEG Assessment During Neuropsychological Task Performance in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Adult Development, Vol. 12, Nos. 2/3, August 2005


11) Fox, D. J., Tharp, D. F., & Fox, L. C. (2005). Neurofeedback: An alternative and efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 30(4), 365-274.


12) Beauregard, M., & Levesque, J. (2006). Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the effects of neurofeedback training on the neural bases of selective attention and response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 3-20.


13) deBeus, R., (2006). Efficacy of Attention Training For Children with ADHD: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Presented at ISNR 2006 Conference. Atlanta, GA.